Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian Cysts Treatment in Melbourne’s Northern Suburbs

Dermoid Cysts & Endometrioma Removal

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside the ovaries. These cysts are relatively common, particularly during a woman’s reproductive years, and in most cases, they are harmless and resolve on their own. However, some cysts can cause discomfort, lead to complications, or indicate underlying health conditions. At Empower Obstetrics and Gynaecology, we are dedicated to helping women understand ovarian cysts, their symptoms, diagnosis, and the best treatment options available to manage their health.

What Are Ovarian Cysts?

Ovarian cysts are sacs filled with fluid or other substances that develop in or on the ovaries. Women typically have two ovaries, one on each side of the uterus, and these small organs produce eggs (ova) as part of the reproductive cycle. Ovarian cysts can form during the normal menstrual cycle (functional cysts) or due to other health conditions. While many ovarian cysts are benign and go away without treatment, some may require medical attention.

Types of Ovarian Cysts

There are many types of ovarian cysts, each with its characteristics. Understanding the type of cyst you have is important for determining the best course of treatment.

Functional Cysts

Functional cysts are the most common type and are part of the normal menstrual cycle. These cysts are generally harmless and often resolve on their own without treatment.

Pathological Cysts

Pathological cysts develop due to abnormal cell growth and are not related to the menstrual cycle. They may require medical evaluation to rule out serious conditions, such as cancer.

Dermoid Cysts

Dermoid cysts contain tissue like hair, skin, or teeth because they form from cells that can develop into different types of body tissues. Although they are usually benign, they can grow large and cause discomfort.

Endometrioma

Endometriomas form due to endometriosis, a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, including on the ovaries. These cysts can cause significant pain, especially during menstruation or intercourse.

Cystadenoma

These cysts develop from cells on the surface of the ovary and can be filled with a watery or mucus-like fluid. While usually benign, cystadenomas can grow large and cause pressure or discomfort.

Polycystic Ovaries (PCOS)

 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that leads to the formation of multiple small cysts on the ovaries. These cysts are typically small and are caused by an imbalance in hormones, which affects the release of eggs from the ovaries. Women with PCOS may experience irregular menstrual cycles, difficulty getting pregnant, and other health issues.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Many women with ovarian cysts have no symptoms, and the cysts are often discovered during routine pelvic exams or imaging tests. However, when symptoms do occur, they can vary depending on the size, type, and location of the cyst. Common symptoms include:

  • Pelvic Pain: Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen, either on one side or both, is a common symptom of ovarian cysts. The pain may be sharp or dull and can occur intermittently.
  • Bloating or Fullness: A feeling of pressure, bloating, or fullness in the lower abdomen may indicate a larger cyst.
  • Pain During Intercourse: Some women experience pain during or after sexual intercourse due to cysts, particularly if they are located near the surface of the ovary.
  • Irregular Periods: Ovarian cysts can affect menstrual cycles, leading to irregular periods, heavier bleeding, or spotting between periods.
  • Frequent Urination: Large cysts can press on the bladder, causing the need to urinate more often.
  • Changes in Bowel Movements: Constipation or difficulty passing stools may occur if a cyst presses on the bowel.
  • Nausea or Vomiting: In some cases, nausea or vomiting can occur when a cyst ruptures or causes ovarian torsion (twisting of the ovary).

Complications of Ovarian Cysts

While most ovarian cysts are harmless and resolve on their own, complications can arise in some cases:

  • Ovarian Torsion: Large cysts can cause the ovary to twist around the ligaments that hold it in place, cutting off its blood supply. Ovarian torsion is a medical emergency that can cause sudden, severe pain and requires immediate surgery to save the ovary.
  • Ruptured Cyst: A cyst can burst, causing sharp pain and, in some cases, internal bleeding. A ruptured cyst may require medical attention, especially if it leads to significant discomfort or blood loss.
  • Infection: Although rare, an ovaarian cyst can infect, leading to fever, chills, and severe abdominal pain. This also requires prompt medical intervention.

Diagnosis of Ovarian Cysts

At Empower Obstetrics and Gynaecology, we use a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests to identify ovarian cysts and determine the appropriate treatment plan accurately.

Pelvic Examination

 A pelvic exam allows your doctor to feel for any swelling or abnormalities in the ovaries. If a cyst is suspected, further testing may be ordered.

Ultrasound

An ultrasound is the most common imaging test used to diagnose ovarian cysts. It uses sound waves to create a picture of the ovaries and can help determine the size, location, and type of cyst.

Blood Tests

 If there is concern about the possibility of ovarian cancer, a blood test called CA-125 may be performed. Elevated levels of CA-125 can be a marker for ovarian cancer, but it is not definitive, as levels can also be elevated in non-cancerous conditions.

CT Scan or MRI

In some cases, a more detailed imaging test, such as a CT scan or MRI, may be needed to further evaluate the cyst or rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options for Ovarian Cysts

The treatment for ovarian cysts depends on the type, size, and symptoms of the cyst, as well as the patient’s age and overall health. At Empower Obstetrics and Gynaecology, we offer a range of treatment options, from monitoring cysts to performing surgery when necessary.

  • Hormonal Birth Control: Birth control pills or other hormonal contraceptives may be prescribed to prevent future ovarian cysts from forming, as they regulate ovulation.
  • Hormonal Therapy: For women with recurring cysts, hormone therapy may be used to regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent the formation of new cysts.
  • Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive surgery that uses small incisions and a camera to remove the cyst. This procedure is typically used for smaller cysts and allows for a quicker recovery.
  • Laparotomy: A more extensive surgery involving a larger incision, often reserved for larger cysts or when there is concern about cancer. Depending on the situation, the cyst or ovary may be removed in this procedure.

Prevention and Ongoing Care

While it may not be possible to prevent ovarian cysts entirely, regular pelvic exams and monitoring are important for maintaining reproductive health. At Empower Obstetrics and Gynaecology, we recommend routine check-ups and personalised care plans to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

Contact Empower Now!

Please call or email our friendly administration team, who will be able to assist you.