Perimenopause and Menopause

Perimenopause and Menopause in Melbourne’s Northern Suburbs

Perimenopause and menopause are natural stages of life that mark significant hormonal changes in a woman’s body, often bringing physical and emotional shifts. At Empower Obstetrics and Gynaecology, we provide specialised care to help women navigate perimenopause and menopause with confidence.

What is Perimenopause?

Perimenopause, also known as the “menopausal transition,” is the period leading up to menopause. A woman’s hormone levels, particularly estrogen and progesterone, fluctuate during this time. These hormonal changes can cause irregular periods and the onset of menopausal symptoms. Perimenopause typically begins in a woman’s 40s but can start as early as her mid-30s and last several years before menstruation stops completely.

What is Menopause?

Menopause is defined as the point when a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. This marks the end of ovulation and fertility, as the ovaries stop producing eggs. Menopause usually occurs between 45 and 55, with the average age around 51. After menopause, a woman is considered postmenopausal, and symptoms related to hormonal changes may continue for some time, although they often diminish over time.

Common Symptoms of Perimenopause and Menopause

The hormonal shifts during perimenopause and menopause can cause a variety of physical and emotional symptoms. The intensity and duration of symptoms vary from woman to woman, but common signs include:

Irregular Periods

One of the earliest signs of perimenopause is irregular periods. Some women may experience shorter or longer cycles, while others may have lighter or heavier bleeding. Periods may also become less predictable, occurring more or less frequently.

Hot Flashes & Night Sweats

Hot flashes are sudden feelings of intense heat, usually in the upper body, which can cause sweating and flushed skin. Night sweats are similar but occur during sleep, often disrupting rest and leading to fatigue.

Sleep Disturbances

Many women experience difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep during perimenopause and menopause. Insomnia and frequent waking are common complaints, especially due to night sweats.

Mood Changes

Hormonal fluctuations can affect mood, leading to irritability, anxiety, or depression. Some women may also experience mood swings or feel more emotional than usual during this transition

Vaginal Dryness and Discomfort

The decline in estrogen levels can cause thinning and drying of the vaginal tissue, leading to discomfort during intercourse, vaginal itching, or irritation

Decreased Libido

 Many women report a decrease in sexual desire during perimenopause and menopause, often due to hormonal changes, vaginal dryness, or emotional factors.

Management Strategies for Perimenopause and Menopause

While menopause is a natural stage of life, its symptoms can sometimes interfere with daily activities and quality of life. Fortunately, there are several strategies to manage these symptoms effectively.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is one of the most effective treatments for managing menopausal symptoms. HRT involves the use of estrogen or a combination of estrogen and progesterone to relieve symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness.

  • Types of HRT:
    • Estrogen-Only HRT: Typically prescribed for women who have had a hysterectomy, as there is no risk of uterine cancer.
    • Combined HRT (Estrogen and Progesterone): Prescribed for women with an intact uterus to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer caused by estrogen-only therapy.
  • Benefits of HRT:
    • Reduces the frequency and intensity of hot flashes and night sweats.
    • Improves sleep and mood.
    • Prevents vaginal dryness and discomfort.
    • Helps maintain bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
  • Risks of HRT:
    • Some studies suggest a slight increase in the risk of breast cancer, blood clots, and stroke with long-term use of HRT. Discussing your risk factors with your healthcare provider before starting HRT is important.

Non-Hormonal Medications

For women who cannot or prefer not to use HRT, non-hormonal medications are available to help manage symptoms such as hot flashes and mood changes. These include:

  • Antidepressants: Certain types of antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), can help reduce hot flashes and improve mood.
  • Gabapentin: Originally used to treat seizures, gabapentin has been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of hot flashes.
  • Clonidine: A medication used to treat high blood pressure, clonidine can also help relieve hot flashes in some women.

Lifestyle Modifications

Adopting a healthy lifestyle can help alleviate many of the symptoms associated with perimenopause and menopause. Some helpful strategies include:

Dietary Changes

  • Calcium and Vitamin D: These nutrients are essential for bone health, especially as estrogen levels decline. Incorporate calcium-rich foods such as dairy products, leafy greens, fortified foods, and Vitamin D from sunlight exposure or supplements.
  • Balanced Diet: Eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can help maintain energy levels, stabilize mood, and support overall health.
  • Limit Caffeine and Alcohol: Both caffeine and alcohol can trigger hot flashes and night sweats. Reducing or eliminating them from your diet may help minimise these symptoms.

Regular Exercise

  • Weight-Bearing Exercises: Activities such as walking, jogging, and resistance training help strengthen bones and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
  • Cardiovascular Exercise: Regular aerobic exercise improves heart health, boosts mood, and can help with weight management.
  • Yoga and Meditation: These practices can help reduce stress, improve sleep, and promote relaxation, which may alleviate some of the emotional symptoms of menopause.

Sleep Hygiene

Establishing a consistent sleep routine can help improve sleep quality. This includes going to bed and waking up simultaneously each day, creating a calming bedtime routine, and ensuring your sleeping environment is cool and comfortable to prevent night sweats.

Stress Management

Practising stress-reducing techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing, and relaxation exercises can help manage the emotional and cognitive symptoms of menopause. During this transition, engaging in hobbies, spending time with loved ones, and staying socially active can also improve mental health.

Contact Empower Now!

Please call or email our friendly administration team, who will be able to assist you.